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Babel

The multilingual framework to localize LaTeX, LuaLaTeX, XeLaTeX

What’s new in babel 25.17

2025-12-11

Changes in ‘ini’ locale files

German

⚠ There is some work in progress related to how German locales are identified. Stay tuned for future changes.

Added a new locale name austriangerman (which is, in fact, the name in the Unicode CLDR, not just austrian). Currently it loads the ini file.

Also added german-germany and german-de, which load the current 1996 variant. Currently they load the ini files.

Swiss German

The name swissgerman will be temporarily assigned back to Swiss High German with traditional orthography (tag de-CH-1901). If you actually want Swiss German (tag gsw), you have to load it with the ‘ini’ mechanism. For example, as the main language:

\usepackage[swissgerman, provide=*]{babel}

Or as a secondary one (besides lazy loading), with:

\babelprovide[import]{swissgerman}

The IANA registry provides 3 names for the tag gsw: Swiss German (which is the only name in the Unicode CLDR, based on the ‘likely’ tag gsw-Latn-CH), Alemannic and Alsatian. The latter two might be added in the future.

Kurdish, Kurmanji

Following the more recent versions of the Unicode CLDR, northernkurdish is now named just kurdish, with tag ku. The ini files for kmr has been merged into the former. Strings for the Islamic and the Persian calendar has been added, too. The locale names are kurdish (in the Latin script) and kurdish-arabic. The names northernkurdish and northernkurdish-arabic are also recognized. They use the ini mechanism.

As a special case and mainly for compatibility, kurmanji is also recognized, but it will use the ldf mechanism.

Sanskrit

Added the date in the Gregorian calendar (basic locale in Devanagari).

Fixes