Norwegian
The Norwegian language is available for pdftex, xetex, and luatex. An example
for pdftex with the UTF-8 encoding is:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[norsk]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\begin{document}
Alle menneske er fødde til fridom og med same menneskeverd og
menneskerettar. Dei har fått fornuft og samvit og skal leve med
kvarandre som brør.
\end{document}
With luatex and xetex remove the line:
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
Nynorsk is also available. Just write instead:
\usepackage[nynorsk]{babel}
Hyphenation
A number of words (a few hundred) require adding a letter when
hyphenated. In pdftex and xetex they must be marked explicitly up
with a shorthand, like volleyba"llandslag (‘volleyballandslag’ →
‘volleyball-landslag’).
With luatex no explicit markup is required, because they can be
added to the exception list with:
\babelhyphenation[norsk]{vol-ley-ba{ll-}{l}{ll}ands-lag}
Here, the group {ll-}{l}{ll} is equivalent to a \discretionary.
Remember you must add every word (like, say, ‘volleyballandslaget’).
These discretionaries can be weighted, too, as the luatex manual
explains (with \exceptionpenalty).
Alternatively, with babel you may define a transform, which is more
flexible, but less efficient. For example:
\babelposthyphenation{norsk}{ vol|ley|ba()l()lands|la }{
{ no = l, pre = ll- }
}
This rule matches the sequence of characters and hyphenation points in the second argument, which explains why the ending ‘g’ has not been included —without it, ‘volleyballandslaget’ is also matched.
Transforms hyphenation points can by weighted with arbitrary penalties, as explained in Non-standard hyphenation with luatex.
Feel free to contribute a list a words requiring this feature.