Chinese
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The Chinese language is available for luatex and xetex. With the
former, both renderers (Node and Harfbuzz) are fine.
Note the best option is usually to resort to a dedicated framework like
CTeX, CJK or
ChineseJFM. However, for simple
documents in horizontal writing, as well as a few words or sentences in
a multilingual document, babel should be enough.
Here is a short example:
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[chinese, provide=*]{babel}
\babelfont{rm}{FandolSong}
\begin{document}
\chapter{天山山脉}
位于乌鲁木齐市以东的博格达峰海拔5445米，峰上的积雪终年不化，人们称它“雪海”。位于博格达峰山腰的天池，清澈透明，是新疆著名的旅游胜地。目前，博格达峰自然保护区已纳入联合国“人与生物圈”自然保护区网。托木尔峰，海拔7439米，是天山的最高峰，登山界一般承认1956年阿巴拉科夫首次登顶成功，但也有说1938年已有苏联登山队登顶；1975年7月25日首个中国登山队登顶成功。
\end{document}
Line breaking
Rules are harcoded in XeTeX, but in LuaTeX a line breaking mechanism has been devised, based on (but not strictly following) the Unicode algorithm.
Justification in both engines is controlled by a couple of options in
\babelprovide.
intraspacesets the inner spaces in em units (so,0 .1 0is 0em plus .1em). The em unit applied is that of the current text (more precisely, the previous glyph).intrapenaltysets the inner penalty of the breaking opportunities.
There is in addition the posibility to change globally the line breaking class, with, for example:
\babelcharproperty{`“}{linebreak}{op}
\babelcharproperty{`”}{linebreak}{cl}
For the meaning of these codes, see the Unicode Standard Annex #14: Line Breaking Properties.
Counters
With luatex there are two ways to map Arabic to
Chinese numerals, passed as option to \babelprovide:
maparabicdoes it at the TeX level, by redefining\arabic. Note the form written to the auxiliary files is the converted one. It works withxetex, too.mapdigitsdoes it at the engine level. This is usually the preferred method.
To perform this conversión, use the following settings:
\usepackage[chinese, provide=*]{babel}
\babelprovide[mapdigits]{chinese} % or alternatively maparabic
In addition, the following counters are predefined:
cjk-earthly-branch▸ 子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳 午 未 申 酉 戌 亥cjk-heavenly-stem▸ 甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸fullwidth.lower.alpha▸ ａ ｂ ｃ ｄ ｅ ｆ ｇ ｈ ｉ ｊ ｋ ｌ ｍ ｎ ｏ ｐ ｑ ｒ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｖ ｗ ｘ ｙ ｚfullwidth.upper.alpha▸ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ Ｅ Ｆ Ｇ Ｈ Ｉ Ｊ Ｋ Ｌ Ｍ Ｎ Ｏ Ｐ Ｑ Ｒ Ｓ Ｔ Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ Ｘ Ｙ Ｚ